Kodi Mungawumitse Kirimu Wowawa Mpaka Liti Kuti Mukhale Watsopano | Malangizo a Kakhitchini & Upangiri

Za Kirimu Wowawasa ndipo Mutha Kuwumitsa Kirimu Wowawasa

Kirimu wowawasa (mu North America Chingerezi, Chingerezi cha ku Australia ndi New Zealand English) kapena kirimu wowawasa (Chingerezi cha Britain) ndi mankhwala a mkaka zopezeka ndi kupesa zonse kirimu ndi mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya a lactic acid. Pulogalamu ya chikhalidwe cha bakiteriya, yomwe imayambitsidwa mwadala kapena mwachibadwa, imawawasa ndikuwonjezera kirimu. Dzina lake limachokera ku kupanga lactic acid ndi fermentation ya bakiteriya, yomwe imatchedwa kusaka. Creme fraîche ndi mtundu umodzi wa kirimu wowawasa wokhala ndi mafuta ambiri komanso kukoma kowawa pang'ono.

Traditional

Mwachizoloŵezi, kirimu wowawasa ankapangidwa polola zonona zomwe zinachotsedwa pamwamba pa mkaka kuti zifufume pa kutentha pang'ono. Ikhozanso kukonzedwa ndi kuyamwa kirimu wosakanizidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha bakiteriya chotulutsa asidi. Mabakiteriya omwe amapangidwa panthawi yamadzimadzi adakulitsa zonona ndikuzipangitsa kukhala acidic, njira yachilengedwe yosungira.

Mitundu yamalonda

Malinga ndi US (FDA) malamulo, kirimu wowawasa wopangidwa ndi malonda ali ndi mkaka wosachepera 18% musanawonjezeke, ndipo osachepera 14.4% milkfat mu mankhwala omalizidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, iyenera kukhala ndi acidity wathunthu wosachepera 0.5%. Zingakhalenso ndi mkaka ndi whey zolimba, buttermilk, wowuma mu ndalama zosapitirira XNUMX peresenti, mchere, ndi rennet anachokera amadzimadzi akupanga kuchokera m'mimba wachinayi wa ng'ombe, ana kapena ana a nkhosa, mu ndalama zogwirizana ndi zabwino kupanga mchitidwe. 

Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi malamulo aku Canada chakudya, emulsifying, gelling, stabilizing ndi thickening agents mu kirimu wowawasa ndi. chinachake, nyemba za carob (chingamu nyemba) carrageenan, gelatin, chingamu, mankhwalakapena propylene glycol alginate kapena kuphatikiza kulikonse pamtengo wosapitirira 0.5%, monoglycerides, mono- ndi diglycerides, kapena kuphatikiza kwake, mu ndalama zosapitirira 0.3 peresenti, ndi sodium phosphate dibasic mu ndalama zosapitirira 0.05 peresenti.

Kirimu wowawasa si kwathunthu zofufumitsa, komanso monga zinthu zambiri zamkaka, ziyenera kukhala firiji osatsegulidwa komanso mutagwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, m'malamulo aku Canada, ma enzyme omwe amalumikizana ndi mkaka amachokera ku Rhizomucor miehei (Cooney ndi Emerson) kuchokera Mucor pusillus Lindt Ndi njira yoyeserera yamiyeso yoyera kapena kuchokera ku Aspergillus oryzae RET-1 (pBoel777) itha kuphatikizidwanso munjira yopangira zonona zonunkhira, pamlingo wogwirizana ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino. Zonona zonunkhira zimagulitsidwa ndi tsiku lotha ntchito litadindidwa pachidebecho, ngakhale ili ndi "kugulitsa ndi", tsiku "labwino kwambiri" kapena "logwiritsa ntchito" limasiyanasiyana ndi malamulo amderalo. Kirimu wowawasa osasungunuka mufriji amatha masabata 1-2 kupitirira pamenepo kugulitsa ndi tsiku pamene firiji yotsegula kirimu wowawasa nthawi zambiri imakhala kwa masiku 7-10.

Katundu-mankhwala

zosakaniza

Cultured zonona.

Kirimu wowawasa wosakaniza atha kuphatikizira zina zowonjezera ndi zotetezera izi: kalasi A Whey, wowuma wowonjezera chakudya, ndi sodium mankwala, sodium citrate, chingamu, carrageenan, kashiamu sulphate, potaziyamu sorbatendipo chingamu nyemba chingamu.

Mapuloteni

Mkaka imakhala ndi mapuloteni pafupifupi 3.0-3.5%. Mapuloteni akuluakulu mu kirimu ndi caseins ndi mapuloteni a whey. Pazigawo zonse zamapuloteni amkaka, ma casin amapanga 80% pomwe ma Whey protein amapanga 20%. Pali magulu anayi akulu amakonde; β-caseins, α (s1) -masamba, α (s2) -casein ndi κ-makaseni. Mapuloteni a caseinwa amapanga ma molekyulu ambiri colloidal tinthu tomwe timadziwika kuti casein michere. Mapuloteni otchulidwawa ali ndi mgwirizano womanga ndi mapuloteni ena a casein, kapena kumangiriza ndi calcium phosphate, ndipo kumangiriza kumeneku ndi kumene kumapanga magulu. Ma casein micelles ndi magulu a β-caseins, α(s1) -caseins, α(s2) -caseins, omwe amakutidwa ndi κ-caseins.

Mapuloteni amagwiridwa pamodzi ndi timagulu tating'ono ta colloidal kashiamu mankwala, micelle ilinso lipase, citrate, ayoni ang'onoang'ono, ndi plasmin michere, komanso seramu yamkaka yotsekedwa. Micelle imakutidwa ndimalo ena a κ-caseins omwe amadziwika kuti wosanjikiza tsitsi, okhala ndi kachulukidwe kotsika kuposa pakati pa micelle. Casein micelles ali m'malo porous nyumba, kuyambira kukula kwa 50-250 nm awiri ndi nyumba pafupifupi 6-12% ya okwana voliyumu kachigawo mkaka. Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi porous kuti athe kugwira madzi okwanira, kapangidwe kake kamathandizanso pakuchitanso kwa micelle. 

Kapangidwe ka mamolekyulu a casin mu micelle ndizachilendo kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa β-casein kuphulikazotsalira (zotsalira za proline zimasokoneza mapangidwe a α-helixes ndi sheets -masamba) ndipo chifukwa ma κ-casein amangokhala ndi zotsalira za phosphorylation imodzi (ndizo glycoproteins). Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zotsalira za proline chimalepheretsa kupanga mapangidwe achiwiri omwe ali pafupi kwambiri monga α-helix ndi mapepala a β-pleated.

Chifukwa cha κ-caseins kukhala glycoproteins, amakhala okhazikika pamaso pa calcium ions kotero kuti κ-caseins ali pamtunda wakunja wa micelle kuteteza pang'ono ma non-glycoproteins β-caseins, α (s1) -caseins, α (s2) -caseins kuti asatuluke. pamaso pa ayoni owonjezera a calcium. Chifukwa chosowa chipinda cholimba kapena chapamwamba chifukwa cha zotsalira za proline, ma casin micelles sakhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosachedwa kutentha. Komabe, iwo ndi pH tcheru. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhazikika pa pH yabwinobwino yamkaka yomwe ndi 6.5-6.7, ma micelles amawomba. mfundo yamagetsi mkaka womwe ndi pH ya 4.6.

Mapuloteni omwe amapanga 20% yotsala ya kachigawo kakang'ono ka mapuloteni mu kirimu amadziwika kuti mapuloteni a whey. Mapuloteni a Whey amatchulidwanso kwambiri mapuloteni a seramu, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe ma protein a casein atha chifukwa cha yankho. Zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri zama whey mapuloteni mumkaka ndi lact-lactoglobulin ndi α-lactalbumin. Mapuloteni otsala a mkaka ndi awa; ma immunoglobulins, bovine serum albumin, ndi ma enzymes monga lysozyme. Mapuloteni a Whey amasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi kuposa mapuloteni a casein. Ntchito yayikulu ya β-lactoglobulin mumkaka ndiyo njira yosamutsira vitamini A, ndi ntchito yayikulu ya α-lactalbumin mu kaphatikizidwe ka lactose.

Mapuloteni a whey amalimbana kwambiri ndi ma acid ndi ma enzymes a proteinolytic. Komabe, mapuloteni a whey samva kutentha: Kutentha kwa mkaka kumayambitsa kusintha ya ma protein a whey. Kutengera kwa mapuloteniwa kumachitika m'njira ziwiri. Mapangidwe a β-lactoglobulin ndi α-lactalbumin amafutukuka, kenako gawo lachiwiri ndikulumikizana kwa mapuloteni mkati mwa mkaka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa ma protein a whey kukhala ndi zabwino zotere emulsifying katundu. Mapuloteni amtundu wa Whey amadziwikanso ndi kukwapula kwawo kwabwino, ndipo mumkaka womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa, mawonekedwe ake opindika. Pakusinthidwa kwa mapuloteni a whey, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni kumawonjezeka mphamvu yogwira madzi mankhwala.

processing

Kupanga kirimu wowawasa kumayambira ndi kukhazikika kwa mafuta; Izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mafuta amkaka ofunikira kapena ovomerezeka alipo. Monga tanenera kale kuchuluka kwa mafuta amkaka omwe ayenera kupezeka mu kirimu wowawasa ndi 18%. Pa gawo ili pakupanga zinthu zina zowuma zimawonjezeredwa ku zonona; kalasi yowonjezera A Whey mwachitsanzo idzawonjezedwa panthawiyi. Zowonjezeranso zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso izi ndi zinthu zingapo zotchedwa stabilizers.

Zomwe zimakhazikika zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi kirimu wowawasa ndi kutchfuneralhome ndi gelatin, kuphatikiza wowuma wowonjezera chakudya, chingamundipo carrageenans. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolimbitsa thupi pazakudya zamkaka wothira ndikupangitsa kuti thupi likhale losalala komanso kapangidwe kake. Ma stabilizers amathandizanso pakupanga kwa gel ndikuchepetsa ma whey syneresis. Mapangidwe a mapangidwe a gel osakaniza, amasiya madzi ochepa aulere a whey syneresis, potero amakulitsa moyo wa alumali. 

Whey syneresis ndi kutayika kwa chinyezi ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwa whey. Kuthamangitsidwa kwa whey uku kumatha kuchitika panthawi yonyamula zotengera zokhala ndi zonona wowawasa, chifukwa chosavuta kuyenda komanso kunjenjemera. Chotsatira chotsatira pakupanga ndi acidification ya zonona. Zamoyo zamagulu monga asidi citric or sodium citrate amawonjezeredwa ku zonona zisanachitike homogenization kuti mukulitse zochita zamagetsi pachikhalidwe choyambira. Kukonzekera kusakaniza kwa homogenization, kumatenthedwa kwa kanthawi kochepa.

Homogenization ndi njira yosinthira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zonona zonona mokhudzana ndi mtundu, kusasinthasintha, kukhazikika kwa mafuta, komanso kirimu wonyezimira. Panthawi yopanga ma homogenization mafuta akuluakulu amkati mwa zonona amagawika m'matumba ang'onoang'ono kuti athe kuyimitsidwa ngakhale m'dongosolo. Pakadali pano pokonza mafuta a mkaka ma globules ndi casein mapuloteni sakulumikizana wina ndi mnzake, pamakhala kunyansidwa komwe kumachitika.

The osakaniza ndi homogenized, pansi pa mphamvu homogenization pamwamba 130 bala (gawo) ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa 60 ° C. Mapangidwe a ma globules ang'onoang'ono (pansi pa 2 microns kukula) omwe atchulidwa kale amalola kuchepetsa mapangidwe a kirimu ndikuwonjezera mamasukidwe mankhwala. Palinso kuchepa kwa kupatukana kwa ma Whey, kukulitsa utoto woyera wa kirimu wowawasa.

Pambuyo homogenization wa zonona, osakaniza ayenera kukumana kuseta. Pasteurization ndi chithandizo cha kutentha pang'ono kwa zonona, ndi cholinga chopha mabakiteriya aliwonse owopsa muzonona. Zakudya zonunkhira za homogenized zimadutsa kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa (HTST) njira yodzitetezera. Pakudya kwamtundu uwu kirimu amatenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwa 85 ° C kwa mphindi makumi atatu. Gawo logulitsirali limalola sing'anga wosabereka kuti nthawi yakwana yakubweretsa mabakiteriya oyambira ifike.^[15]

Pambuyo podzikongoletsa, pamakhala njira yozizira pomwe kusakanikako kwazirala mpaka kutentha kwa 20˚C. Chifukwa chomwe chisakanizocho chidakhazikika mpaka kutentha kwa 20˚C ndichifukwa choti uku ndikutentha koyenera kwa inoculation ya mesophilic. Kirimu wa homogenized atakhazikika mpaka 20˚C, imadzazidwa ndi 1-2% chikhalidwe choyambira. Mtundu wa chikhalidwe choyambira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikofunikira pakupanga kirimu wowawasa. Pulogalamu ya chikhalidwe choyambira ali ndi udindo woyambitsa nayonso mphamvu powapangitsa kirimu wokhala ndi homogenized kufikira pH ya 4.5 mpaka 4.8.

Mabakiteriya a Lactic acid (amene amatchedwa LAB) amayatsa lactose kukhala lactic acid, ndi mesophilic, Zabwino luso la anaerobes. Mitundu ya LAB yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuloleza kuyamwa kwa kirimu wowawasa ndi Lactococcus lactis subsp latic kapena Lactococcus lactis subsp cremoris ndi mabakiteriya a lactic acid omwe amapangidwa ndi asidi. LAB omwe amadziwika kuti amapanga zonunkhira mu kirimu wowawasa ndi Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis biovar diacetyllactis. Pamodzi mabakiteriyawa amapanga zinthu zomwe zimatsitsa pH ya chisakanizocho, ndikupanga mankhwala onunkhira monga diacetyl.

Pambuyo pa inoculation ya chikhalidwe choyambira, zonona zimagawidwa m'maphukusi. Kwa maola 18 njira yowotchera imachitika pomwe pH imatsitsidwa kuchoka pa 6.5 mpaka 4.6. Pambuyo pa nayonso mphamvu, kuzizira kwinanso kumachitika. Pambuyo pakuzizira uku, kirimu wowawasa amaphatikizidwa m'makontena awo omaliza ndikuwatumiza kumsika

Tikudziwa kuti simukufuna kuwerenga mayankho ataliatali, okhala ndi ziganizo ku Can Sour Cream Freezable komanso njira zovuta zogwirira ntchito kukhitchini. Palibe amene amachita! Amayi apanyumba amafuna nthawi yathuyathu ndipo timafunikira zida zonse zamatsenga kuti konzani zinthu kukhitchini.

Zikomo potiyenderanso pamene tikuthandizani zonunkhira ndi zitsamba, tsopano apa pali njira zobisika komanso zofunika kwambiri zachisanu za kirimu wowawasa. (Kirimu wowawasa)

Chifukwa chake, palibe nthawi, tili pano ndiupangiri wathunthu woti muzitha kuziziritsa kirimu wowawasa:

Zisanachitike china chilichonse,

Kodi Kirimu Wowawasa Akhoza Kuundana?

Inde, kirimu wowawasa akhoza kuzizidwa popanda kutaya kutsitsimuka kwake. Komabe, mawonekedwe a kirimu wowawasa wozizira amatha kuwoneka wotumbululuka, koma izi sizodetsa nkhawa. Kwenikweni, kirimu wowawasa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maphikidwe opangidwa mu casseroles ndi ophikira okakamiza. Zakudya monga soups, stews, sauces ndi madiresi ndi maphikidwe otchuka ogwiritsira ntchito kirimu wowawasa.

Malangizo Oziziritsa Msuzi:

Kumbukirani, mukafuna kusunga kirimu wowawasa kuti muwagwiritsenso ntchito maphikidwe, onetsetsani kuti amaundana asanafike poipa. Kuzizira kumatha kuyimitsa zonona kuti zisawonongeke koma sikungayambitse njirayi. Sikuti ndi kirimu wowawasa wokha, koma chimodzimodzi ndi tchizi, yogurt, heavy cream, kukwapula kirimu, vinyo, ngakhale saladi.

Momwe Mungazimitsire Kirimu?

Palibe chitsogozo cholimba komanso chachangu chomwe mungatsatire pozizira zonona wowawasa. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kungoyisunga mu furiji pamwamba kumaundana. Mutha kusunga zonona motere, koma kuti mulawe bwino, tsatirani izi:

1. Sungani kirimu wowawasa wotseguka mu chidebe chokhala ndi chivindikiro ndi whisk kapena pezani zotsekera zotsekemera zamtundu uliwonse.
2. Mukamenya, tsitsani pamwamba ndikulemba tsikulo kuti mudziwe nthawi yomwe lidasungidwa.

Ngati yasungidwa ndi mazira ndi chivindikiro chotsitsimula chotseguka, imatha kukhala milungu itatu.

3. Tsopano, sungani mufiriji.

Q: Kodi Mutha Kuzizira Kirimu Wowawasa Mu Chinsinsi?

Yankho: Ayi, muyenera kusungunula kaye ngati chophimbacho chimafuna zonona zonyezimira.

Kodi thaw cream?

Tsopano, ngati muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito, tengani ndalama zomwe mungafune kuti musungunuke, osati chotengera chonsecho.

1. Chotsani kirimu mu bokosi lake ndikuyiyika mu Tray Defrost Tray. Zimathandiza kusungunula zinthu zozizira msanga.
2. Pamene mawonekedwe a kirimu wowuma amakhala okoma, ndi okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngati simukufuna kusungunula kapena mulibe nthawi yosungunula zonona, yesani maphikidwe owawasa achisanu wowawasa:

Keke ya Coffee ya Sour Cream:

Nayi njira yathu ya magawo asanu ndi atatu ya kirimu wowawasa:

Kuti mukonze keke ya kofi ndi kirimu wowawasa, mufunika ola limodzi.

Zosakaniza za keke wowawasa wa kirimu wowawasa:

zosakaniza	fomu	kuchuluka
keke
Batala wopanda mafuta	Yakhazikika	magalamu 113
shuga	Wodzaza	magalamu 198
mazira	Large	2
Ufa wokhazikika	Zosavomerezeka	magalamu 241
Pawudala wowotchera makeke	Powder	1 tsp
Zotupitsira powotcha makeke	Powder	P tsp
Salt	Sodium wamba	P tsp
Kirimu wowawasa	kukwapulidwa	magalamu 227
Zojambulazo
shuga	Kuwaza	99grams
Saminoni		2 tsp
Vanilla Tingafinye	Zamadzi	Zosintha
Walnuts ndi pecans	akanadulidwa	magalamu 57

Njira:

Keke ya kirimu wowawasa:

1. Sakanizani uvuni ku 350 ° F.
2. Tengani mbale ndikuphatikizira zinthu zonse monga batala, shuga, mazira, ufa, ufa wophika, soda ndi mchere, ndi whisk bwino.
3. Onjezerani batala ndi whisk
4. Onjezani kirimu wowawasa ndi whisk

The Topping:

Tengani mbale, onjezerani zosakaniza zonse ndi whisk mpaka homogeneous crumbled.

Kupanga:

1. Tengani pepala lojambulalo ndikuyikapo nkhungu. Mukamachita izi mutha kupanga poto yemwe keke yanu sinamatire.
2. Onjezerani theka la kusakaniza kwa mkate
3. onjezerani topping
4. Onjezani theka lina mmenemo
5. Tsatirani sitepe yachitatu
6. chiyikeni mu uvuni
7. Onani patadutsa mphindi 30; Ngati zatha, chotsani kapena musiyeni kwa mphindi 5 mpaka XNUMX.
8. Chotsani keke mu uvuni ndikuyendetsa.

Kaya mumasangalala ndi khofi kapena yaiwisi, chisankho ndi chanu.

Kodi Keke Ya Cream Bundt Ikatha Kuzizidwa?

Kuchokera ku Bundt mpaka khofi, mutha kuzizira ndikusunga keke iliyonse yopangidwa ndi kirimu wowawasa.

Funso limabuka apa,

Momwe Mungadziwire Ngati Kirimu Wowawa Ndi Woyipa

Kirimu wowawasa ndi wovutikira kale, ndipo simungadziwe ngati zili zoyipa mwa kulawa. Apa muyenera kuyang'ana zonona kuchokera pamalo oyandikira ndikuwona ngati zikuwoneka zoyera kapena zolakwika zilizonse. Mukawona mawanga akuda akupanga pamwamba, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha nkhungu ndi kirimu wowawasa woyipa.

Koma,

Kodi Kirimu Wowawa Umayenda Bwino?

Chabwino, kirimu wowawasa sali m'gulu la zakudya zomwe sizikuyenda bwino. Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse a mkaka, kirimu wowawasa alibe nthawi yokhala mwatsopano, makamaka m'chilimwe.

Kodi kirimu wowawasa amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji mukatsegula?

Ngati simusunga pamalo ozizira, tidati kuzizira, ndiye ngati simusunga mufiriji yozizira kwambiri, imawonongeka mkati mwa masiku 1-2.

Kodi mumadziwa kuti kirimu wowawasa amathanso kupanga kunyumba?

Q: Momwe Mungapangire Kirimu Wowawasa Mwamsanga?

Yankho: Powonjezera chikhalidwe cha lactic-acid mu kirimu, mutha kupanga kirimu wowawasa kunyumba mkati mwa mphindi zochepa. Lactic acid imapereka kukoma kowawa komwe aliyense amakonda m'maphikidwe, makamaka mukamadya chakudya cha ku Mexico.

Tsopano, ikapangidwa kapena kutsegulidwa kunyumba, chinthu china chomwe mungaganizire ndi ichi:

Kodi Kirimu Wowawasa Amakhala Nthawi Yaitali Bwanji?

Nthawi zambiri, timasunga zonona, ma yoghurt, ndi sosi potenga zochotsera ndi zotsatsa m'sitolo. Zinthu zambiri zimatenga nthawi yayitali zotsala osatsegulidwa; Komabe, ziyenera kusungidwa mufiriji nthawi yomweyo zitatulutsidwa m'bokosi kapena kusungidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo. Ngati tikukamba za nthawi, ngati kirimu wowawasa amamva kukoma kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji atatsegulidwa?

Popanda firiji:

Pakalibe firiji, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zonona nthawi yomweyo monga china chilichonse cha mkaka, chifukwa zimawonongeka mwachangu komanso mosavuta.

Ndi firiji:

Malinga ndi USDA, nthawi yathunthu ya kirimu wowawasa wachisanu ndi milungu itatu. Koma ngati sichingafanane kwathunthu, zitenga 7 kwa masiku 14 isanagwedezeke kwathunthu. Koma ngati muwona zonona zikusungunuka, yesetsani kuzigwiritsa ntchito m'maphikidwe ndikuphika mwachangu momwe mungathere.

Q: Kodi Kirimu Wowawasa Ndiwoyipa Kwa Inu?

Ans: Kirimu wowawasa wokha sawononga thanzi; komabe, ma calories ochulukirachulukira omwe ali nawo, angasokonezedi thupi lanu loumbika bwino kapena akhoza kukulitsa mkhalidwewo ngati mukuyesera kuchepetsa thupi. Pamapeto pake, kuchulukitsitsa kwa chilichonse kumakhala koyipa.

Zotsatira:

Kodi mumakonda chotani kirimu wowawasa? Gawani nafe gawo la ndemanga pansipa. Ngati mumakonda kukhala kukhitchini, musangalala kugwiritsa ntchito zida zathu kukhitchini ndi zapakhomo. Adzakupulumutsirani theka la nthawi kuti muphike yanu. Onani iwo Pano musanatuluke patsamba lino.

Komanso, musaiwale kupinikiza / kusungitsa chizindikiro ndikuyendera yathu Blog kuti mumve zambiri zosangalatsa koma zoyambirira. (Ubwino wa Tiyi wa Oolong)